
Products in Motion
Grade 6, Science
Description of Unit
In this task, students study force, motion and energy and the application of these scientific principles through simple machines. Students explore the differences between potential and kinetic energy, various sources of energy, the conversion and transfer of energy in a system/circuit and real‐world applications (e.g. the technologies behind a warehouse/fulfillment logistics system such as that used by Amazon.com to move products from the distribution center to the buyer). Student learning culminates in the development of a machine that moves an object (product) from one point to another. Additionally, students learn about sustainable technology and renewable energy resources and investigate how they might utilize these in their designs.
This guide links the Products in Motion unit to the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) for sixth graders. Products in Motion is a science unit that allows students to study force, motion, and energy as well as practical applications through simple machines. Products in Motion also has interdisciplinary connections to English language arts and reading and social studies disciplines. For example, students will compose procedural and persuasive texts, as outlined in the English Language Arts and Reading TEKS, and describe ways in which technology influences human interactions with the environment, as described in the Social Studies TEKS. The following document includes the applicable TEKS and the details of the Products in Motion unit. The final section of this document presents the applicable Texas College and Career Readiness Standards adopted by the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB) on January 24, 2008.
Phase I. Learning Experiences
- Introduce students to the unit by guiding them through a web exploration of simple machines. For example, students might begin by watching Simple Machines: Energy Is Everything from UNC-TV Science Educational Resources.
- Review
the
physical
science
concepts
of
force,
motion,
and
energy
as
well
as
potential
versus
kinetic
energy.
You
may
wish
to
conduct
a
series
of
lab
activities
to
help
students
experience
the
connections
between
the
science
principles
(e.g.,
force,
motion,
and
the
Conservation
of
Energy)
with
their
applications
in
simple
machines.
Some
examples
include:
- Forces and Motion
- Converting Energy
- Transforming Energy (Potential vs. Kinetic)
- Friction and Inertia
- Simple Machines: Levers
- Converting Mechanical Energy into Electrical Energy
- Ask students to conduct Internet research on the six simple machines, and discover how these form the basis for all machines. A possible starting place is the lesson Inventor’s Workshop available through Discovery Education.
- Explore the interactive site Power Play to experiment with combinations of simple machines in harnessing different energy types to do work.
- Construct
various
machines
that
convert
energy
from
one
source
to
another. An example
includes:
- Additionally, students will explore how machines can harness renewable energy sources. An example activity includes:
- Invite a guest speaker or a virtual scientist into the classroom to talk about the opportunities and challenges involved in engineering for a high-tech world.
Once students have gained awareness and some experience with the practical applications that use these scientific principles—force, motion, and energy— introduce them to the product fulfillment and shipping logistics operation of Amazon.com.
Show them a video, such as Inside One of Amazon’s Busiest Days, Amazon’s Warehouse Processing, or A Tour of Amazon’s Fulfillment System. Additionally, you may wish to share this article discussing the “chaotic storage system” that Amazon uses. In this system, the company randomly shelves items to maximize storage space, then, when an order is placed, workers called “pickers” use a radio-frequency scanner to locate the item. The “picked” item is placed in a bin and sent along to the next link in an enormously complex chain of people, technology, and processes that end with the item being shipped to the customer’s address.
Lead a large group discussion following the video. Ask students to try to break down and illustrate the steps they observe in a flow chart. In what ways is the logistics operation like a system? Encourage students to try to describe as many pieces of machinery or technology they saw in the video.
- What are some of the machines students see utilized in the system?
- How many examples of these machines might utilize combinations of simple machines?
- What are some ways the forces of motion and energy might be utilized in the system?
- What are some ideas as to the energy sources that might be harnessed to operate such a system?
- What are the roles of people in the system? How many different types of job functions might be needed to get a product from the creator to the buyer?
Phase II. Independent Research
A. Research process
- Select a topic. Each student will select a “product” to be moved from his/her own personal collection. Objects might include CDs, books, dolls, video game packages or controllers, articles of clothing, or any other relatively small, singular object. Teachers will provide guidance on how far the object must be moved from point to point. Key constraints include classroom size and time allotted to the development of the “product moving” machine.
- Ask
guiding
questions.
Students
will
first
need
to
determine
the
physical
properties
of
the
object
that
might
impact
the
design
of
its
transport
system.
Then
students
will
need
to
identify
at
least
three
to
five
guiding
questions
to
explore
during
their
research.
Such
questions
include:
- What is the shape of the object? What are its dimensions? What is its weight?
- Will your “product mover” work only for this particular object, or will you design it so that it might transport other students’ products too?
- Is the object fragile? If so, what might be some of the protective features you will need to incorporate into your system?
- How quickly might you want the object to move from point to point?
- How far must the object move? Will there be any changes in the incline between the origin and destination points?
- What readily available materials will you use to create your system?
- How might you power your system? What sources of energy might you use?
- What might be some advantages to your system over other transport systems?
- Create
a
research
proposal.
Create
a
research
and
development
plan
that
identifies
the
following
elements:
- The name you will give to your transport system
- The product it is designed to move
- The energy source you will utilize to power your machine
- The materials you plan to use in building your machine
- A preliminary sketch illustrating how your transport system might work
- Guiding questions for research in order to gain the knowledge you need to build the system
- A timeline for how you will proceed with research and development
- Conduct
the
research.
Once
the
research
and
development
plan
is
approved
(and
checked
for
feasibility
within
the
scope
of
the
class)
by
the
teacher,
students
will
begin
research.
Collaborate
with
local
electronics
specialists,
librarians,
and/or
technical
education
specialists
to
guide
student
research
and
development
of
the
products.
As
students
finalize
their
research,
they
will
need
to
refine
their
product
plan
to
include
- updates to the technical drawing (i.e., a more formalized, computer-rendered version might be created using a program such as Google SketchUp),
- flowcharts that indicate how the energy transfers through each component,
- an identification of the simple machines in each part of the system,
- the location of the power source, and
- a budget and plan for sourcing the materials to be used in building.
- Develop the product. Using readily available materials, students implement their ideas with the help of the teacher and/or mentors, specialists, paraprofessionals, or parent volunteers. Students should practice classroom safety procedures with regards to sharp tools, chemicals, electricity, or other potentially hazardous components.
- Share findings. Each student gives a demonstration of the product transport system to the class. As an optional extension, students might also create a video describing the system, similar in feel to the Amazon tour.
B. The product
Students research, design, and build a machine that moves an object (the product) from one point to another in the classroom. These devices (product transport systems) utilize force, motion, and/or energy and transfer that energy though combinations of simple machines. Students may choose to power their machines using a variety of energy sources. Students should identify modifications they might make to power the system sustainably without using non‐renewable sources.
C. Communication
Each student presents an overview of the research that led him/her to the design solution and gives a live demonstration of how the transport system works. Additionally, during an “Engineer’s Debrief,” students discuss in small groups the challenges they faced in building the system (and how they overcame any obstacles), modifications that might make it faster, more efficient, and greener, and possible alternative uses for the device.
D. A completed project consists of:
- Notes from the Phase I laboratory experiments on force, motion, and energy
- The final product research and development plan
- Drawings and flowcharts describing the system
- A promotional poster for the final product, including photographs and persuasive text
- A video of the live demonstration and class presentation, including the question and answer session
- The student’s summary of the “Engineer’s Debrief” small group discussion, including additional research questions for further study
Elicit
How many of you have received a package in the mail for something that either you, a friend, parent, or relative ordered online or over the phone? Have you ever thought about where the packaged came from, and how it travelled through its journey from the maker to you? How many of you have made something to sell in a fair or market? How does selling something change when you are not dealing with people face-to-face? If you don’t know when somebody might place an order, how do you store your products so they are ready? When they are ordered, how might you send them to someone in a different geographic location?
Engage
Introduce students to the unit by guiding them through a web exploration of simple machines. For example, students might begin by exploring the Simple Machines Game by the Museum of Science and Industry Chicago.
Explain
Review the physical science concepts of force, motion, and energy as well as potential versus kinetic energy. You may wish to conduct a series of lab activities to help students experience the connections between the science principles (e.g., force, motion, and the Conservation of Energy) with their applications in simple machines.
Additionally, students may study computer simulations such as those available from Phet Interactive Simulations (University of Colorado), in particular, the simulations entitled The Ramp and The Energy Skate Park (Note the system requirements as well as the update Java notice prior to running the simulations).
Explore
Ask students to conduct Internet research on the six simple machines,
and discover how these form the basis for all machines. A possible
starting place is the lesson Inventor’s Workshop available through
Discovery Education.
Explore the interactive site Power Play to experiment with
combinations of simple machines in harnessing different energy types
to do work.
Construct various machines that convert energy from one source to
another.
Additionally, students might explore how machines can harness renewable energy sources.
Explain
Invite a guest speaker into the classroom to talk about the opportunities and challenges involved in engineering for a high-tech world.
Explore
Once students have gained awareness and some experience with the
practical applications that use these scientific principles—force,
motion, and energy— introduce them to the product fulfillment and
shipping logistics of a large operation such as Amazon.com.
You may wish to show them a video, such as Inside One of Amazon’s Busiest Days, Amazon’s Warehouse Processing, or A Tour of Amazon’s Fulfillment System or ask students to read an article discussing the “chaotic storage system” that Amazon uses. In this system, the company randomly shelves items to maximize storage space, then, when an order is placed, workers called “pickers” use a radio-frequency scanner to locate the item. The “picked” item is placed in a bin and sent along to the next link in an enormously complex chain of people, technology, and processes that end with the item being shipped to the customer’s address.
Explain
Lead a large group discussion following the video. Ask students to try to break down and illustrate the steps they observe in a flow chart. In what ways is the logistics operation like a system? Encourage students to try to describe as many pieces of machinery or technology they saw in the video.
- What are some of the machines students see utilized in the system?
- How many examples of these machines might utilize combinations of simple machines?
- What are some ways the forces of motion and energy might be utilized in the system?
- What are some ideas as to the energy sources that might be harnessed to operate such a system?
- What are the roles of people in the system? How many different types of job functions might be needed to get a product from the creator to the buyer?
Elaborate (Phase II)
Research process
- Select a topic. Each student will select a “product” to be moved from his/her own personal collection. Objects might include CDs, books, dolls, video game packages or controllers, articles of clothing, or any other relatively small, singular object. Teachers will provide guidance on how far the object must be moved from point to point. Key constraints include classroom size and time allotted to the development of the “product moving” machine.
- Ask guiding questions. Students will first need to
determine the physical properties of the object that
might impact the design of its transport system. Then
students will need to identify at least three to five guiding
questions to explore during their research. Such
questions include:
- What is the shape of the object? What are its dimensions? What is its weight?
- Will your “product mover” work only for this particular object, or will you design it so that it might transport other students’ products too?
- Is the object fragile? If so, what might be some of the protective features you will need to incorporate into your system?
- How quickly might you want the object to move from point to point?
- How far must the object move? Will there be any changes in the incline between the origin and destination points?
- What readily available materials will you use to create your system?
- How might you power your system? What sources of energy might you use?
- What might be some advantages to your system over other transport systems?
- Create a research proposal. Create a research and
development plan that identifies the following elements:
- The name you will give to your transport system
- The product it is designed to move
- The energy source that will power your machine
- The materials you plan to use in building your machine
- A preliminary sketch illustrating how your transport system might work
- Guiding questions for research in order to gain the knowledge you need to build the system
- A timeline for how you will proceed with research and development
- Conduct the research. Once the research and
development plan is approved (and checked for feasibility
within the scope of the class) by the teacher, students
will begin research. Collaborate with local electronics
specialists, librarians, and/or technical education
specialists to guide student research and development of
the products. As students finalize their research, they will
need to refine their product plan to include
- updates to the technical drawing (i.e., a more formalized, computer-‐ rendered version might be created using a program such as Google SketchUp),
- flowcharts that indicate how the energy transfers through each component,
- an identification of the simple machines in each part of the system,
- the location of the power source, and
- a budget and plan for sourcing the materials to be used in building.
- Develop the product. Using readily available materials, students implement their ideas with the help of the teacher and/or mentors, specialists, paraprofessionals, or parent volunteers. Students should practice classroom safety procedures with regards to sharp tools, chemicals, electricity, or other potentially hazardous components.
Explain
Each student gives a demonstration of the product transport system to the class. As an optional extension, students might also create a video describing the system, similar in feel to the Amazon tour.
The product
Students research, design, and build a machine that moves an object (the product) from one point to another in the classroom. These devices (product transport systems) utilize force, motion, and/or energy and transfer that energy though combinations of simple machines. Students may choose to power their machines using a variety of energy sources. Students should identify modifications they might make to power the system sustainably without using non-renewable sources.
Communication
Each student presents an overview of the research that led him/her to the design solution and gives a live demonstration of how the transport system works. Additionally, during an “Engineer’s Debrief,” students discuss in small groups the challenges they faced in building the system (and how they overcame any obstacles), modifications that might make it faster, more efficient, and greener, and possible alternative uses for the device.
Evaluate
Use the TPSP Middle School Rubric to assess each student’s learning. Additionally, you may wish to develop self- or peer-assessments based on the rubric that students could use to evaluate their products.
A completed project consists of:
- Notes from the Phase I laboratory experiments on force, motion, and energy
- The final product research and development plan
- Drawings and flowcharts describing the system
- A promotional poster for the final product, including photographs and persuasive text
- A video of the live demonstration and class presentation, including the question and answer session
- The student’s summary of the “Engineer’s Debrief” small group discussion, including additional research questions for further study
In what ways did the student:
- Develop sophisticated, open-ended questions about the self-selected topic;
- Use a variety of sources that access advanced content and include multiple perspectives;
- Collect data using the tools of the discipline;
- Analyze and interpret the data;
- Capture and apply their analysis through an original product; and
- Communicate his/her research findings, learning, and ideas to an audience using the language of the discipline.
Extend
The following interdisciplinary activities can be used to extend this
task.
Mathematics
Analyze the throughput of your product movement system—how
many items can your system move in an hour? What are the
maximum and minimum sizes for items traveling through your
system? What is the maximum weight? Explain how you arrived at
your answers. Create a set of package design guidelines, using
measurements, charts, and graphs to convey your specifications to
vendors who might use your system.
Social Studies
Study how communities have managed moving goods such as food
and clothing from manufacturers to individuals. How has the process
changed as civilizations have developed (i.e., compare what was the
process was like during hunter/gatherer societies versus the modern,
connected world of online commerce). What geographic features do
many cities share that might aid in the movement of goods (e.g.,
rivers, streams, or open waterways for ports). How have people
overcome natural obstacles to moving goods (e.g., tunneling through
the Rocky Mountains, reversing the flow of the Chicago river)? Some
people say the world is getting smaller due to global trade. What do
you think they mean by this and what do you predict will happen to
global trade in the next ten years?
English language arts
The genre of science fiction often contains stories about technological
marvels that we will encounter in a future time. Some of these
imagined devices end up being developed and become real-world tools and technologies. Research science fiction stories written at least
twenty years ago and create an inventory of the technologies depicted
in the “future” of the story. How many of these ideas
became realities? How many are we still waiting to come to fruition
(e.g., flying cars)? Using this literary research, and building upon your
knowledge of the scientific forces and simple machines, create a
short science fiction story that depicts the creation of an invention
that changes the world. How does the invention come into being,
what are the characters like who create it, who or what in the story
tries to block or destroy it, and what big global problem is the device
meant to solve?
Additional Resources
Students are encouraged to work with their teachers and parents/guardians to conduct the research necessary to support and enhance each task, following local district guidelines. Online resources like The Smithsonian Museum, The Library of Congress, The Texas State Archives, Texas State Historical Association, and National Geographic’s Kids offer information on a variety of topics and could serve as a good starting place.
This unit may address the following TEKS.
110.22., English Language Arts and Reading, Grade 6, Adopted 2017
- 110.22(b)(3)
- Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking--fluency. The student reads grade-level text with fluency and comprehension. The student is expected to adjust fluency when reading grade-level text based on the reading purpose.
- 110.22(b)(10)
- Composition: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts--writing process. The student uses the writing process recursively to compose multiple texts that are legible and uses appropriate conventions.
- 110.22(b)(1)
- Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, discussion, and thinking--oral language. The student develops oral language through listening, speaking, and discussion.
- 110.22(b)(12)
- Inquiry and research: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts. The student engages in both short-term and sustained recursive inquiry processes for a variety of purposes.
- 110.22(b)(2)
- Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking--vocabulary. The student uses newly acquired vocabulary expressively.
- 110.22(b)(8)
- Multiple genres: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts--genres. The student recognizes and analyzes genre-specific characteristics, structures, and purposes within and across increasingly complex traditional, contemporary, classical, and diverse texts.
112.18, Science, Grade 6
- 112.18(b)(1)
- Scientific investigation and reasoning. The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, conducts laboratory and field investigations following safety procedures and environmentally appropriate and ethical practices.
- 112.18(b)(2)
- Scientific investigation and reasoning. The student uses scientific inquiry methods during laboratory and field investigations.
- 112.18(b)(3)
- Scientific investigation and reasoning. The student uses critical thinking, scientific reasoning, and problem solving to make informed decisions and knows the contributions of relevant scientists.
- 112.18(b)(4)
- Scientific investigation and reasoning. The student knows how to use a variety of tools and safety equipment to conduct science inquiry.
- 112.18(b)(6)
- Matter and energy. The student knows matter has physical properties that can be used for classification.
- 112.18(b)(7)
- Matter and energy. The student knows that some of Earth's energy resources are available on a nearly perpetual basis, while others can be renewed over a relatively short period of time. Some energy resources, once depleted, are essentially nonrenewable.
- 112.18(b)(8)
- Force, motion, and energy. The student knows force and motion are related to potential and kinetic energy.
- 112.18(b)(9)
- Force, motion, and energy. The student knows that the Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it just changes form.
113.18, Social Studies, Grade 6
- 113.18(b)(7)
- Geography. The student understands the impact of interactions between people and the physical environment on the development and conditions of places and regions.
- 113.18(b)(8)
- Economics. The student understands the factors of production in a society's economy.
- 113.18(b)(9)
- Economics. The student understands the various ways in which people organize economic systems.
- 113.18(b)(10)
- Economics. The student understands categories of economic activities and the data used to measure a society's economic level.
- 113.18(b)(15)
- Culture. The student understands the similarities and differences within and among cultures in various world societies.
- 113.18(b)(18)
- Culture. The student understands the relationship that exists between the arts and the societies in which they are produced.
- 113.18(b)(20)
- Science, technology, and society. The student understands the influences of science and technology on contemporary societies.
- 113.18(b)(21)
- Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired through established research methodologies from a variety of valid sources, including electronic technology.
- 113.18(b)(22)
- Social studies skills. The student communicates in written, oral, and visual forms.
- 113.18(b)(23)
- Social studies skills. The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with others, in a variety of settings.
Esta unidad puede abordar los siguientes TEKS.
110.22., English Language Arts and Reading, Grade 6, Adopted 2017
- 110.22(b)(3)
- Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking--fluency. The student reads grade-level text with fluency and comprehension. The student is expected to adjust fluency when reading grade-level text based on the reading purpose.
- 110.22(b)(10)
- Composition: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts--writing process. The student uses the writing process recursively to compose multiple texts that are legible and uses appropriate conventions.
- 110.22(b)(1)
- Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, discussion, and thinking--oral language. The student develops oral language through listening, speaking, and discussion.
- 110.22(b)(12)
- Inquiry and research: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts. The student engages in both short-term and sustained recursive inquiry processes for a variety of purposes.
- 110.22(b)(2)
- Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking--vocabulary. The student uses newly acquired vocabulary expressively.
- 110.22(b)(8)
- Multiple genres: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts--genres. The student recognizes and analyzes genre-specific characteristics, structures, and purposes within and across increasingly complex traditional, contemporary, classical, and diverse texts.
112.18, Science, Grade 6
- 112.18(b)(1)
- Investigación y razonamiento científicos. El estudiante lleva a cabo investigaciones de campo y en el laboratorio por lo menos durante el 40% del tiempo de instrucción siguiendo procedimientos de seguridad y prácticas ambientales adecuadas y éticas.
- 112.18(b)(2)
- Investigación y razonamiento científicos. El estudiante usa métodos de investigación científica durante investigaciones en el laboratorio e investigaciones de
- 112.18(b)(3)
- Investigación y razonamiento científicos. El estudiante usa el razonamiento crítico, el razonamiento científico y la resolución de problemas para tomar decisiones informadas y conocer las contribuciones de científicos importantes.
- 112.18(b)(4)
- Investigación y razonamiento científicos. El estudiante entiende cómo usar una variedad de instrumentos y equipos de seguridad para realizar investigaciones científicas.
- 112.18(b)(6)
- Materia y energía. El estudiante entiende que la materia tiene propiedades físicas que se pueden usar para clasificarla.
- 112.18(b)(7)
- Materia y energía. El estudiante entiende que algunas fuentes de energía de la Tierra son casi inagotables, mientras que otras pueden ser renovadas en un periodo de tiempo relativamente corto. Algunas fuentes de energía, una vez que se agotan, se vuelven básicamente no renovables.
- 112.18(b)(8)
- Fuerza, movimiento y energía. El estudiante entiende que la fuerza y el movimiento están relacionados con la energía potencial y cinética.
- 112.18(b)(9)
- Fuerza, movimiento y energía. El estudiante entiende que la Ley de
113.18, Social Studies, Grade 6
- 113.18(b)(7)
- Geografía. El estudiante entiende el impacto de las interacciones entre las personas y el medio ambiente físico en el desarrollo y las condiciones de lugares y regiones.
- 113.18(b)(8)
- Economía. El estudiante entiende los factores de la producción en la economía de una sociedad.
- 113.18(b)(9)
- Economía. El estudiante entiende las diversas maneras que las personas utilizan para organizar sistemas económicos.
- 113.18(b)(10)
- Economía. El estudiante entiende las categorías de las actividades económicas y los datos que se utilizan para medir el nivel económico de una sociedad.
- 113.18(b)(15)
- Cultura. El estudiante entiende las similitudes y las diferencias dentro de las culturas y entre las culturas de las diversas sociedades del mundo.
- 113.18(b)(18)
- Cultura. El estudiante entiende la relación que existe entre las artes y las sociedades en las que se producen.
- 113.18(b)(20)
- Ciencia, tecnología y sociedad. El estudiante entiende las influencias de las ciencias y la tecnología en las sociedades contemporáneas.
- 113.18(b)(21)
- Destrezas de los estudios sociales. El estudiante utiliza las habilidades del pensamiento crítico para organizar y usar la información que adquiere de una variedad de fuentes válidas, incluyendo la tecnología electrónica.
- 113.18(b)(22)
- Destrezas de los estudios sociales. El estudiante se comunica en forma oral, visual y escrita.
- 113.18(b)(23)
- Destrezas de los estudios sociales. El estudiante utiliza habilidades para resolver problemas y tomar decisiones, en forma independiente y con otros, en diferentes ambientes.
This unit may address the following Texas College and Career Readiness Standards.
Science:
- S.I.B.1
- Design and conduct scientific investigations in which hypotheses are formulated and tested.
- S.I.C.1
- Collaborate on joint projects.
- S.I.C.2
- Understand and apply safe procedures in the laboratory and field, including chemical, electrical, and fire safety and safe handling of live or preserved organisms.
- S.I.C.3
- Demonstrate skill in the safe use of a wide variety of apparatuses, equipment, techniques, and procedures.
- S.I.D.1
- Demonstrate literacy in computer use.
- S.I.D.2
- Use computer models, applications, and simulations.
- S.I.D.3
- Demonstrate appropriate use of a wide variety of apparatuses, equipment, techniques, and procedures for collecting quantitative and qualitative data.
- S.I.E.1
- Use several modes of expression to describe or characterize natural patterns and phenomena. These modes of expression include narrative, numerical, graphical, pictorial, symbolic, and kinesthetic.
- S.I.E.2
- Use essential vocabulary of the discipline being studied.
- S.III.A.1
- Use correct applications of writing practices in scientific communication.
- S.III.B.1
- Read technical and scientific articles to gain understanding of interpretations, apparatuses, techniques or procedures, and data.
- S.III.B.2
- Set up apparatuses, carry out procedures, and collect specified data from a given set of appropriate instructions.
- S.III.B.3
- Recognize scientific and technical vocabulary in the field of study and use this vocabulary to enhance clarity of communication.
- S.III.B.4
- List, use , and give examples of specific strategies before, during, and after reading to improve comprehension.
- S.III.C.1
- Prepare and present scientific/technical information in appropriate formats for various audiences.
- S.III.D.1
- Use search engines, databases, and other digital electronic tools effectively to locate information.
- S.III.D.2
- Evaluate quality, accuracy, completeness, reliability, and currency of information from any source.
- S.IV.A.1
- Recognize how scientific discoveries are connected to technological innovations.
- S.IV.B.1
- Understand how scientific research and technology have an impact on ethical and legal practices.
- S.IV.B.2
- Understand how commonly held ethical beliefs impact scientific research.
- S.IV.C.1
- Understand the historical development of major theories in science.
- S.IV.C.2
- Recognize the role of people in important contributions to scientific knowledge.
- S.IX.F.1
- Describe matter and energy transfer in the Earth’s systems.
- S.V.B.2
- Know the processes of energy transfer.
- S.V.C.1
- Recognize patterns of change.
- S.VII.H.1
- Understand the Law of Conservation of Energy and processes of heat transfer.
- S.VII.H.2
- Understand energy changes and chemical reactions.
- S.VII.I.1
- Understand the behavior of matter in its various states
- S.VII.I.2
- Understand properties of solutions.
- S.VIII.A.2
- Understand states of matter and their characteristics.
- S.VIII.A.3
- Understand the concepts of mass and inertia.
- S.VIII.A.5
- Understand the concepts of gravitational force and weight.
- S.VIII.C.1
- Understand the fundamental concepts of kinematics.
- S.VIII.C.2
- Understand forces and Newton’s Laws.
- S.VIII.C.3
- Understand the concept of momentum.
- S.VIII.D.1
- Understand potential and kinetic energy.
- S.VIII.D.2
- Understand conservation of energy.
- S.VIII.D.3
- Understand the relationship of work and mechanical energy.
- S.VIII.H.2
- Understand the basic laws of thermodynamics.
- S.X.B.1
- Understand energy transformations.
- S.X.B.2
- Know the various sources of energy for humans and other biological systems.
- S.X.C.1
- Recognize variations in population sizes, including human population and extinction, and describe mechanisms and conditions that produce these variations.
Social Studies:
- SS.I.A.2
- Analyze the interaction between human communities and the environment.
- SS.I.A.3
- Analyze how physical and cultural processes have shaped human communities over time.
- SS.I.A.4
- Evaluate the causes and effects of human migration patterns over time.
- SS.I.A.5
- Analyze how various cultural regions have changed over time.
- SS.I.A.6
- Analyze the relationship between geography and the development of human communities.
- SS.I.E.2
- Define the concept of socialization and analyze the role socialization plays in human development and behavior.
- SS.I.F.2
- Analyze ethical issues in historical, cultural, and social contexts.
- SS.II.B.4
- Evaluate how major philosophical and intellectual concepts influence human behavior or identity.
- SS.II.B.5
- Explain the concepts of socioeconomic status and stratification.
- SS.II.B.6
- Analyze how individual and group identities are established and change over time.
- SS.IV.A.1
- Identify and analyze the main idea(s) and point(s)-of-view in sources.
- SS.IV.A.2
- Situate an informational source in its appropriate contexts (contemporary, historical, cultural).
- SS.IV.A.3
- Evaluate sources from multiple perspectives.
- SS.IV.A.4
- Understand the differences between a primary and secondary source and use each appropriately to conduct research and construct arguments.
- SS.IV.A.5
- Read narrative texts critically.
- SS.IV.A.6
- Read research data critically.
- SS.IV.B.1
- Use established research methodologies.
- SS.IV.B.2
- Explain how historians and other social scientists develop new and competing views of past phenomena.
- SS.IV.B.3
- Gather, organize, and display the results of data and research.
- SS.IV.B.4
- Identify and collect sources.
- SS.IV.C.1
- Understand and interpret presentations (e.g., speeches, lectures, informal presentations) critically.
- SS.IV.D.1
- Construct a thesis that is supported by evidence.
- SS.IV.D.2
- Recognize and evaluate counter-arguments.
- SS.V.A.1
- Use appropriate oral communication techniques depending on the context or nature of the interaction.
- SS.V.A.2
- Use conventions of standard written English.
- SS.V.B.1
- Attribute ideas and information to source materials and authors.
Cross-Disciplinary Standards:
- CDS.I.A.1
- Engage in scholarly inquiry and dialogue.
- CDS.I.A.2
- Accept constructive criticism and revise personal views when valid evidence warrants.
- CDS.I.B.1
- Consider arguments and conclusions of self and others.
- CDS.I.B.2
- Construct well-reasoned arguments to explain phenomena, validate conjectures, or support positions.
- CDS.I.B.3
- Gather evidence to support arguments, findings, or lines of reasoning.
- CDS.I.B.4
- Support or modify claims based on the results of an inquiry.
- CDS.I.C.1
- Analyze a situation to identify a problem to be solved.
- CDS.I.C.2
- Develop and apply multiple strategies to solve a problem.
- CDS.I.C.3
- Collect evidence and data systematically and directly relate to solving a problem.
- CDS.I.D.1
- Self-monitor learning needs and seek assistance when needed.
- CDS.I.D.2
- Use study habits necessary to manage academic pursuits and requirements.
- CDS.I.D.3
- Strive for accuracy and precision.
- CDS.I.D.4
- Persevere to complete and master tasks.
- CDS.I.E.1
- Work independently.
- CDS.I.E.2
- Work collaboratively.
- CDS.I.F.1
- Attribute ideas and information to source materials and people.
- CDS.I.F.2
- Evaluate sources for quality of content, validity, credibility, and relevance.
- CDS.I.F.3
- Include the ideas of others and the complexities of the debate, issue, or problem.
- CDS.I.F.4
- Understand and adhere to ethical codes of conduct.
- CDS.II.A.1
- Use effective prereading strategies.
- CDS.II.A.2
- Use a variety of strategies to understand the meanings of new words.
- CDS.II.A.3
- Identify the intended purpose and audience of the text.
- CDS.II.A.4
- Identify the key information and supporting details.
- CDS.II.A.5
- Analyze textual information critically.
- CDS.II.C.1
- Understand which topics or questions are to be investigated.
- CDS.II.C.2
- Explore a research topic.
- CDS.II.C.3
- Refine research topic based on preliminary research and devise a timeline for completing work.
- CDS.II.C.4
- Evaluate the validity and reliability of sources.
- CDS.II.C.5
- Synthesize and organize information effectively.
- CDS.II.C.6
- Design and present an effective product.
- CDS.II.C.7
- Integrate source material.
- CDS.II.C.8
- Present final product.
- CDS.II.D.1
- Identify patterns or departures from patterns among data.
- CDS.II.D.2
- Use statistical and probabilistic skills necessary for planning an investigation and collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data
- CDS.II.D.3
- Present analyzed data and communicate findings in a variety of formats.
- CDS.II.E.1
- Use technology to gather information.
- CDS.II.E.2
- Use technology to organize, manage, and analyze information.
- CDS.II.E.3
- Use technology to communicate and display findings in a clear and coherent manner.
- CDS.II.E.4
- Use technology appropriately.
English Language Arts:
- ELA.II.A.5
- Analyze and evaluate implicit and explicit arguments in a variety of texts for the quality and coherence of evidence and reasoning.
- ELA.II.A.4
- Make evidence-based inferences about a text’s meaning, intent, and values.
- ELA.II.A.1
- Use effective reading strategies to determine a written work’s purpose and intended audience.
- ELA.II.A.2
- Use text features to form an overview of content and to locate information.
- ELA.III.A.5
- Plan and deliver focused, coherent presentations that convey clear and distinct perspectives and demonstrate sound reasoning.
- ELA.III.A.4
- Adjust delivery, vocabulary, and length of message for particular audiences, purposes, and contexts.
- ELA.III.A.1
- Participate actively, effectively, and respectfully in one-on-one oral communication as well as in group discussions.
- ELA.III.A.3
- Understand how style, register, and content of spoken language vary in different contexts and influence the listener’s understanding.
- ELA.IV.A.5
- Recognize fillers, intentional pauses, and placeholders in speech (e.g., um) and make inferences in context.
- ELA.IV.A.4
- Comprehend detailed instructions, explanations, and directions in a range of contexts (e.g., specialized contexts such as workplace procedures and operating instructions).
- ELA.IV.A.2
- Listen critically and respond appropriately.
- ELA.IV.A.1
- Use a variety of active listening strategies to enhance comprehension.
- ELA.IV.A.3
- Develop an awareness of rhetorical and stylistic choices used to convey a message.
- ELA.IV.A
- Apply listening skills in a variety of settings and contexts.
- ELA.V.C
- Design and produce an effective product.
- ELA.V.C.1
- Integrate and organize material effectively.
- ELA.V.C.2
- Use and attribute source material ethically.
- ELA.V.B.3
- Assess the relevance and credibility of sources.
- ELA.V.B.1
- Explore and collect a range of potential sources.
- ELA.V.A.1
- Articulate and investigate research questions.
- ELA.V.A.2
- Explore and refine a research topic.
- ELA.V.A.3
- Devise a plan for completing work on time.
Mathematics:
- M.VIII.A.3
- Use mathematical language for reasoning, problem solving, making connections, and generalizing.
- M.VIII.C.2
- ate and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas.
- M.VIII.C.3
- Explain, display, or justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language in written or oral communications.
- M.VIII.C.1
- Communicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications using symbols, diagrams, models, graphs, and words.
- M.VIII.B.2
- Summarize and interpret mathematical information provided orally, visually, or in written form within the given context.
- M.V.B.3
- Compute and describe the study data with measures of center and basic notions of spread.
- M.V.A.1
- Formulate a statistical question, plan an investigation, and collect data.
- M.V.B.1
- Classify types of data.
- M.V.B.2
- Construct appropriate visual representations of data.
- M.VI.C.2
- Develop a function to model a situation.
- M.VI.C.1
- Apply known functions to model real-world situations.
- M.VII.A.5
- Evaluate the problem-solving process.
- M.VII.A.4
- Justify the solution.
- M.VII.A.2
- Formulate a plan or strategy.
- M.VII.A.1
- Analyze given information.
- M.VII.A.3
- Determine a solution.
- M.VII.C.2
- Understand attributes and relationships with inductive and deductive reasoning.
- M.IX.B.3
- Know and understand the use of mathematics in a variety of careers and professions.
- M.IX.B.2
- Understand and use appropriate mathematical models in the natural, physical, and social sciences.
- M.IX.B.1
- Use multiple representations to demonstrate links between mathematical and real-world situations.
- M.IX.A.2
- Connect mathematics to the study of other disciplines.
Esta unidad puede abordar los siguientes estándares de Texas College and Career Readiness.
Science:
- S.I.B.1
- Diseña y hace investigaciones científicas en las cuales se formulan y se ponen a prueba hipótesis.
- S.I.C.1
- Colabora en proyectos conjuntos.
- S.I.C.2
- Comprende y aplica procedimientos de seguridad en el laboratorio y al aire libre, incluyendo la seguridad al manejar sustancias químicas y electricidad y seguridad contra incendios y manejo seguro de organismos vivos o preservados.
- S.I.C.3
- Demuestra destrezas para usar con seguridad una amplia variedad de aparatos, equipos, técnicas y procedimientos.
- S.I.D.1
- Demuestra conocimiento del uso de la computadora.
- S.I.D.2
- Usa modelos, aplicaciones y simuladores por computadora.
- S.I.D.3
- Hace uso apropiado de una amplia variedad de aparatos, equipos, técnicas y procedimientos para reunir datos cuantitativos y cualitativos.
- S.I.E.1
- Usa varios modos de expresión para describir o caracterizar patrones y fenómenos naturales. Estos modos de expresión incluyen descripción escrita, numérica, gráfica, pictórica, simbólica y con lenguaje corporal.
- S.I.E.2
- Usa vocabulario esencial de la disciplina que se está estudiando.
- S.III.A.1
- Usa aplicaciones correctas de prácticas de redacción en la comunicación científica.
- S.III.B.1
- Lee artículos técnicos y científicos para comprender interpretaciones, aparatos, técnicas o procedimientos y datos.
- S.III.B.2
- Prepara aparatos, lleva a cabo procedimientos y reúne datos específicos de un conjunto dado de instrucciones apropiadas.
- S.III.B.3
- Reconoce el vocabulario científico y técnico en el campo de estudio y usa este vocabulario para que la comunicación sea más clara.
- S.III.B.4
- Hace una lista, usa y da ejemplos de estrategias específicas antes, durante y después de leer para mejorar la comprensión.
- S.III.C.1
- Prepara y presenta información científica/técnica en formatos apropiados para varios públicos.
- S.III.D.1
- Usa de manera efectiva motores de búsqueda, bases de datos y otras herramientas digitales para localizar información.
- S.III.D.2
- Evalúa la calidad, exactitud, integridad, confiabilidad y actualidad de la información de cualquier fuente.
- S.IV.A.1
- Reconoce cómo los descubrimientos científicos se relacionan con los inventos tecnológicos.
- S.IV.B.1
- Comprende cómo la investigación científica y tecnológica tiene un impacto en las prácticas éticas y legales.
- S.IV.B.2
- Comprende cómo las creencias éticas comunes tienen un impacto en la investigación científica.
- S.IV.C.1
- Comprende el desarrollo histórico de las teorías científicas más importantes.
- S.IV.C.2
- Reconoce el papel de las personas en las contribuciones importantes del conocimiento científico.
- S.IX.F.1
- Describe la materia y la transferencia de energía en los sistemas de la Tierra.
- S.V.B.2
- Conoce los procesos de transferencia de energía.
- S.V.C.1
- Reconoce patrones de cambio.
- S.VII.H.1
- Understand the Law of Conservation of Energy and processes of heat transfer.
- S.VII.H.2
- Understand energy changes and chemical reactions.
- S.VII.I.1
- Comprender el comportamiento de la materia en sus varios estados: sólido, líquido y gaseoso.
- S.VII.I.2
- Comprender las propiedades de las soluciones.
- S.VIII.A.2
- Comprender los estados de la materia y sus características.
- S.VIII.A.3
- Entiende los conceptos de masa e inercia.
- S.VIII.A.5
- Entiende los conceptos de fuerza de gravedad y peso.
- S.VIII.C.1
- Entiende los conceptos básicos de la cinemática.
- S.VIII.C.2
- Entiende las fuerzas y las leyes de Newton.
- S.VIII.C.3
- Entiende el concepto de cantidad de movimiento.
- S.VIII.D.1
- Understand potential and kinetic energy.
- S.VIII.D.2
- Understand conservation of energy.
- S.VIII.D.3
- Understand the relationship of work and mechanical energy.
- S.VIII.H.2
- Understand the basic laws of thermodynamics.
- S.X.B.1
- Comprende las transformaciones de energía.
- S.X.B.2
- Conoce las diversas fuentes de energía para los seres humanos y otros sistemas biológicos.
- S.X.C.1
- Reconoce las variaciones en el tamaño de las poblaciones, incluyendo crecimiento y extinción de las poblaciones de seres humanos, y describe mecanismos y condiciones que producen estas variaciones.
Social Studies:
- SS.I.A.2
- Analiza la interacción entre las comunidades humanas y el medio ambiente.
- SS.I.A.3
- Analiza cómo los procesos físicos y culturales han configurado las comunidades humanas a través del tiempo.
- SS.I.A.4
- Evalúa las causas y efectos de los patrones de migración humana a través del tiempo.
- SS.I.A.5
- Analiza cómo han cambiado varias regiones culturales a lo largo del tiempo.
- SS.I.A.6
- Analiza la relación entre la geografía y el desarrollo de las comunidades humanas.
- SS.I.E.2
- Define el concepto de socialización y analiza el papel que juega la socialización en el desarrollo y la conducta humana.
- SS.I.F.2
- Analiza temas éticos en contextos históricos, culturales y sociales.
- SS.II.B.4
- Evalúa cómo conceptos filosóficos e intelectuales importantes han influido en la conducta humana o en la identidad.
- SS.II.B.5
- Explica los conceptos de posición socioeconómica y estratificación.
- SS.II.B.6
- Analiza cómo se establece la identidad individual y grupal y cómo cambian con el tiempo.
- SS.IV.A.1
- Identifica y analiza las ideas principales y los puntos de vista en las fuentes.
- SS.IV.A.2
- Ubica una fuente informativa en su contexto apropiado.
- SS.IV.A.3
- Evalúa fuentes desde múltiples perspectivas.
- SS.IV.A.4
- Entiende las diferencias entre una fuente primaria y una secundaria y usa cada una de manera apropiada para conducir una investigación y para elaborar argumentos.
- SS.IV.A.5
- Lee críticamente textos narrativos.
- SS.IV.A.6
- Lee críticamente datos de investigación.
- SS.IV.B.1
- Usa metodologías de investigación establecidas.
- SS.IV.B.2
- Explica cómo los historiadores y otros científicos sociales desarrollan percepciones nuevas y contrapuestas de fenómenos del pasado.
- SS.IV.B.3
- Reúne, organiza y muestra los resultados de los datos y la investigación.
- SS.IV.B.4
- Identifica y reúne fuentes.
- SS.IV.C.1
- Comprende e interpreta críticamente presentaciones.
- SS.IV.D.1
- Elabora una tesis apoyada en evidencias.
- SS.IV.D.2
- Reconoce y evalúa contraargumentos.
- SS.V.A.1
- Usa técnicas apropiadas de comunicación oral según el contexto o la naturaleza de la interacción.
- SS.V.A.2
- Usa las reglas convencionales de la lengua inglesa escrita.
- SS.V.B.1
- Acredita las ideas y la información a los materiales de referencia y a los autores.
Cross-Disciplinary Standards:
- CDS.I.A.1
- Participa en el diálogo y la investigación académica.
- CDS.I.A.2
- Acepta la crítica constructiva y cambia las opiniones personales cuando la evidencia válida lo justifique.
- CDS.I.B.1
- Considera los argumentos y conclusiones propias y los de los demás.
- CDS.I.B.2
- Elabora argumentos con un razonamiento sólido para explicar fenómenos, convalida conjeturas o apoya posturas.
- CDS.I.B.3
- Reúne evidencias para apoyar argumentos, hallazgos o líneas de razonamiento.
- CDS.I.B.4
- Apoya o clarifica aseveraciones basadas en los resultados de una investigación.
- CDS.I.C.1
- Analiza una situación para identificar un problema a resolver.
- CDS.I.C.2
- Desarrolla y aplica múltiples estrategias para resolver un problema.
- CDS.I.C.3
- Reúne sistemáticamente evidencias y datos y los relaciona directamente para resolver un problema.
- CDS.I.D.1
- Autoevalúa sus necesidades de aprendizaje y busca ayuda cuando es necesario.
- CDS.I.D.2
- Usa hábitos de estudio necesarios para cumplir metas y requisitos académicos.
- CDS.I.D.3
- Se esfuerza por ser exacto y preciso.
- CDS.I.D.4
- Persevera hasta completar y dominar las tareas.
- CDS.I.E.1
- Trabaja de forma independiente.
- CDS.I.E.2
- Trabaja de manera colaborativa.
- CDS.I.F.1
- Acredita ideas e información a las fuentes de referencia y a las personas.
- CDS.I.F.2
- Evalúa las fuentes en función de la calidad de su contenido, validez, credibilidad y relevancia.
- CDS.I.F.3
- Incluye las ideas de otros y las complejidades del debate, tema o problema.
- CDS.I.F.4
- Entiende y adopta códigos de conducta.
- CDS.II.A.1
- Usa estrategias efectivas de preparación.
- CDS.II.A.2
- Usa una variedad de estrategias para comprender el significado de palabras nuevas.
- CDS.II.A.3
- Identifica el propósito del texto y el público al que se dirige.
- CDS.II.A.4
- Identifica la información principal y los detalles de apoyo.
- CDS.II.A.5
- Analiza críticamente la información textual.
- CDS.II.C.1
- Entiende cuáles temas o preguntas deben investigarse.
- CDS.II.C.2
- Explora un tema de investigación.
- CDS.II.C.3
- Afina el tema de investigación con base en una investigación preliminar y establece un calendario para terminar el trabajo.
- CDS.II.C.4
- Evalúa la validez y confiabilidad de las fuentes.
- CDS.II.C.5
- Sintetiza y organiza la información de manera efectiva.
- CDS.II.C.6
- Diseña y presenta un producto efectivo.
- CDS.II.C.7
- Integra las referencias.
- CDS.II.C.8
- Presenta un producto final.
- CDS.II.D.1
- Identifica patrones o divergencias de los patrones entre los datos.
- CDS.II.D.2
- Usa destrezas estadísticas y probabilísticas necesarias para planear una investigación y recaba, analiza e interpreta datos.
- CDS.II.D.3
- Presenta datos analizados y comunica los hallazgos en una variedad de formatos.
- CDS.II.E.1
- Usa tecnología para reunir información.
- CDS.II.E.2
- Usa tecnología para organizar, manejar y analizar información.
- CDS.II.E.3
- Usa tecnología para comunicar y mostrar hallazgos de una manera clara y coherente.
- CDS.II.E.4
- Usa la tecnología apropiadamente.
English Language Arts:
- ELA.II.A.5
- Analyze and evaluate implicit and explicit arguments in a variety of texts for the quality and coherence of evidence and reasoning.
- ELA.II.A.4
- Make evidence-based inferences about a text’s meaning, intent, and values.
- ELA.II.A.1
- Use effective reading strategies to determine a written work’s purpose and intended audience.
- ELA.II.A.2
- Use text features to form an overview of content and to locate information.
- ELA.III.A.5
- Plan and deliver focused, coherent presentations that convey clear and distinct perspectives and demonstrate sound reasoning.
- ELA.III.A.4
- Adjust delivery, vocabulary, and length of message for particular audiences, purposes, and contexts.
- ELA.III.A.1
- Participate actively, effectively, and respectfully in one-on-one oral communication as well as in group discussions.
- ELA.III.A.3
- Understand how style, register, and content of spoken language vary in different contexts and influence the listener’s understanding.
- ELA.IV.A.5
- Recognize fillers, intentional pauses, and placeholders in speech (e.g., um) and make inferences in context.
- ELA.IV.A.4
- Comprehend detailed instructions, explanations, and directions in a range of contexts (e.g., specialized contexts such as workplace procedures and operating instructions).
- ELA.IV.A.2
- Listen critically and respond appropriately.
- ELA.IV.A.1
- Use a variety of active listening strategies to enhance comprehension.
- ELA.IV.A.3
- Develop an awareness of rhetorical and stylistic choices used to convey a message.
- ELA.IV.A
- Apply listening skills in a variety of settings and contexts.
- ELA.V.C
- Design and produce an effective product.
- ELA.V.C.1
- Integrate and organize material effectively.
- ELA.V.C.2
- Use and attribute source material ethically.
- ELA.V.B.3
- Assess the relevance and credibility of sources.
- ELA.V.B.1
- Explore and collect a range of potential sources.
- ELA.V.A.1
- Articulate and investigate research questions.
- ELA.V.A.2
- Explore and refine a research topic.
- ELA.V.A.3
- Devise a plan for completing work on time.
Mathematics:
- M.VIII.A.3
- Use mathematical language for reasoning, problem solving, making connections, and generalizing.
- M.VIII.C.2
- ate and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas.
- M.VIII.C.3
- Explain, display, or justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language in written or oral communications.
- M.VIII.C.1
- Communicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications using symbols, diagrams, models, graphs, and words.
- M.VIII.B.2
- Summarize and interpret mathematical information provided orally, visually, or in written form within the given context.
- M.V.B.3
- Compute and describe the study data with measures of center and basic notions of spread.
- M.V.A.1
- Formulate a statistical question, plan an investigation, and collect data.
- M.V.B.1
- Classify types of data.
- M.V.B.2
- Construct appropriate visual representations of data.
- M.VI.C.2
- Develop a function to model a situation.
- M.VI.C.1
- Apply known functions to model real-world situations.
- M.VII.A.5
- Evaluate the problem-solving process.
- M.VII.A.4
- Justify the solution.
- M.VII.A.2
- Formulate a plan or strategy.
- M.VII.A.1
- Analyze given information.
- M.VII.A.3
- Determine a solution.
- M.VII.C.2
- Understand attributes and relationships with inductive and deductive reasoning.
- M.IX.B.3
- Know and understand the use of mathematics in a variety of careers and professions.
- M.IX.B.2
- Understand and use appropriate mathematical models in the natural, physical, and social sciences.
- M.IX.B.1
- Use multiple representations to demonstrate links between mathematical and real-world situations.
- M.IX.A.2
- Connect mathematics to the study of other disciplines.